Deaths and injuries from road crashes are a major and growing public health concern. The World Health Organization has estimated that, worldwide, 1.27 million people are killed in road crashes every year and that almost half of them are pedestrians, motorcyclists or cyclists. In addition, road crashes cause between 20 million and 50 million non-fatal injuries per year and are an important cause of disability. The World Health Organization estimates that by 2015 road crashes will be the leading cause of premature death and disability for children aged 5 and above. Road crash deaths and injuries are most acute in developing countries and particularly impact developing economies.
It is often vulnerable road users (motorcyclists, pedestrians, cyclists) who are most likely to be injured as a result of a road crash. Studies show that road crashes are the leading cause of traumatic brain injury in both high-income and low-income countries. In addition to physical impairments, the survivor often experiences psychosocial issues, such as post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety, phobias and behavioural problems.
Road crashes are preventable and suitable actions can be developed to reduce crashes, injuries and fatalities. Road safety and prevention initiatives are crucial aspects of development programmes and aim to reduce the harm (deaths, injuries, disabilities and property damage) resulting from road vehicle crashes. Road safety is achieved by employing a safe system approach which typically involves three interactive elements: safer road users; safer road environments; and safer vehicles. Successful campaigns often include setting up initiatives that combine road education in schools, intense public awareness-raising activities, first aid courses and efforts to influence local, national and international policies. This diverse approach is essential for bringing about a change in attitudes, and crash helmets are becoming an increasingly familiar sight in the rural landscape.
This key list highlights reports, manuals, guides, and websites that raise awareness about the field of road safety and prevention. We welcome your suggestions: please send comments or suggested additions to sourceassistant@hi-uk.org.
April 2008
November 2009
October 2009
November 2015