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Social enterprise as market regulation : non-governmental interventions in essential medicines wholesaling to low income countries

MACKINTOSH, Maureen
2008

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"This paper explores the under-studied role of social enterprise as traders and regulatory actors in the international wholesale markets for essential medicines and their impact on accessibility, quality and prices in these perverse markets, drawing on an interview survey of European-based socially oriented wholesalers supplying the medicines market for sub-Saharan Africa. The paper argues that these enterprises play an important role in regulating price and quality and hence in improving access to medicines by the poor. However they face challenging market and political conditions. The paper analyses the motivations and organisational structures that sustain social and ethical commitment in this market, drawing on theories of social enterprise and non-profit business, and surveys the challenges and constraints. It then examines the formal international and national regulatory interventions in the international markets and their effects on social enterprise, in the context of a substantial institutional divide between the medicines-related campaigning of the large international NGOs and the activities of these market-oriented social enterprises"

Fight AMR : save medicines for our children : call for action

ECUMENICAL PHARMACEUTICAL NETWORK (EPN)
2008

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This leaflet has been produced to raise awareness about antimicrobial resistance and possible areas of intervention including infection control, promoting effective diagnosis, improving prescribing practices and encouraging optimal use of antimicrobial agents. It is targeted at all the different groups of stakeholders who are in position to contribute to implementation of the containment actions that have been defined in the WHO Global Strategy for Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance

HIV/AIDS and disability : an exploration of organizations' responses to HIV/AIDS as it affects people with disabilities

ROHLEDER, Poul Andrew
2008

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This dissertation in clinical psychology explores the extent to which South African schools and organisations that work with persons with disabilities deal with issues of HIV and AIDS. The study indicates that although HIV education takes place, issues relating to HIV and AIDS are handled with much anxiety. The results reveal that in some cases HIV education is used to control and oppress disabled people’s sexual expression, instead of empowering them to have fulfilling sexual lives. Issues regarding sexual abuse and rape are also discussed. The dissertation ends with recommendations regarding further research on disabled people’s experiences and the need to address the silence around issues such as rape and abuse. This resource would be useful for people looking for in-depth information on disability and HIV in general (chapters 2 and 3), and with a focus on South Africa in particular (chapters 5 to 7). Moreover, it would be useful to people interested in the psychological aspects of working in the field of HIV (chapter 4)

HIV, AIDS and disability

INTERAGENCY COALITION ON AIDS AND DEVELOPMENT
2008

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This paper briefly outlines the need for collaboration between those advocating the rights of people with disabilities, and those active in the field of HIV and AIDS prevention. It gives an overview of recent studies in the field, and provides information on initiatives which address the issues of disability and HIV and AIDS in Africa and Asia. This document would be useful for people looking for an initial introduction to the cross-cutting issue of HIV and disability with examples from existing programmes in the field

mhGAP mental health gap action programme : scaling up care for mental, neurological, and substance use disorders

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)
2008

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This report presents an action plan to scale up services for mental, neurological and substance use disorders for countries, especially low and lower middle income countries. It describes the mhGAP programme, outlines framework for country action and emphasises the building of partnerships. This resource is useful for people interested in scaling up services for mental health in developing countries

Age-friendly primary health care centres toolkit

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)
2008

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This toolkit aims to improve the primary health care response for older persons. The information presented assists health care workers in the diagnosis and management of chronic diseases and the four main issues of memory loss, urinary incontinence, depression and falls/immobility that often impact people as they age. The toolkit contains a number of instruments that can be used by primary health care workers to assess and address older persons' health, such as evaluation forms, slides, figures, graphs, diagrams, scale tables, country guidelines, exam sheets, screening tools, cards, and checklists
Note: The link provided also contains Annex 1: Trainers guide for normal ageing and communication, a Normal Ageing power point presentation and Communication with older people power point presentation

Towards zero : ambitious road safety targets and the safe system approach|Summary document

INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORT FORUM (ITF)
ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD)
2008

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"This is a summary of the report ‘Towards Zero: Ambitious Road Safety Targets and the Safe System Approach’...The purpose of the report is to review the state of the art in improving road safety performance and examine the role of targets in raising the level of ambition and achieving effective implementation of road safety policies. The work aims to assist governments in raising the performance threshold by developing more systematic approaches to road safety. It highlights the institutional management changes required in many countries to implement effective interventions through a strong focus on results and underlines the economic case for road safety investment. This summary document comprises the recommendations, executive summary and table of contents of the full report together with details of the experts that contributed to the work"

Harnessing the power of sport for development and peace : recommendations to governments

INTERNATIONAL NETWORK OF SPORT AND DEVELOPMENT CONSULTANTS (INSDC)
2008

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This report presents evidence of the effectiveness of sport for development and peace through promoting the adoption of policy recommendations to governments for the integration of sport and physical activity into their domestic and international development strategies and programs. It provides comprehensive policy recommendations to national governments and represents the culmination of a four-year initiative. Each thematic chapters presents the context, evidence, and related recommendations. Detailed appendices are also provided

Improving the human rights performance of business through multi-stakeholder initiatives : summary report

December 2007

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This is a summary report on consultation of the UN Special Representative on business & human rights. "The consultation, convened by the Clean Clothes Campaign and hosted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands in The Hague, brought some of the leading multi-stakeholder initiatives together with representatives from business, government, and civil society to address two interrelated objectives: first, to identify 'good', if not necessarily 'best', practices in the governance of multi-stakeholder initiatives, and second, to identify criteria for credible and effective implementation of supply chain codes of conduct"

Beyond survival : integrated delivery care practices for long-term maternal and infant nutrition, health and development

CHAPARRO, Camila
LUTTER, Chessa
December 2007

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This report reviews current knowledge of the immediate and long-term nutritional and health benefits of: delayed umbilical cord clamping; immediate and continued skin-to-skin contact between mother and infant; and immediate initiation of exclusive breastfeeding and aims to to illustrate that these three practices can be feasibly and safely implemented together for the benefit of both mother and infant

Early infant diagnosis of HIV through dried blood spot testing

PATHFINDER INTERNATIONAL / KENYA
October 2007

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Until recently the test used to diagnose HIV in babies under one-year has required sophisticated and expensive equipment. A new test has now been developed - dried blood spot testing which can be used to diagnose HIV as early as six weeks after a baby is born and has the advantage of being easy to prepare in a resource-limited setting and shipped to testing facilities without refrigeration. If a baby is given prophylactic antibiotics, such as cotrimoxazole, soon after birth and Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) as soon as is medically indicated, it has a good chance of surviving childhood and living a long, healthy life

Positive prevention : HIV prevention with people living with HIV. A guide for NGOs and service providers

INTERNATIONAL HIV/AIDS ALLIANCE
September 2007

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This guide is intended as a resource to help nongovernmental organisation (NGO) staff and HIV service providers working across the spectrum of HIV prevention, treatment, care and support services to take steps towards integrating HIV prevention for, by and with people living with HIV. It is hoped it will also be of use both to individual people living with HIV and to their partners. The guide does not intend to discuss or review all HIV prevention strategies. Rather, it is a starting point from which to consider different strategies to assist NGO staff and HIV service provider organisations to support HIV positive people to live well with HIV and have safer sexual relationships within a full and healthy life. This guide focuses largely on the sexual transmission of HIV

Human rights guidelines for pharmaceutical companies in relation to access to medicines

HUNT, Paul
September 2007

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These draft guidelines consider human rights and the right to the highest attainable standard of health; how to manage their implementation; public policy influence; advocacy and lobbying; research and development for neglected diseases; patents and licensing; quality and technology transfer; pricing, discounting and donations; ethical promotion and marketing; clinical trials; public private partnership; corruption; associations of pharmaceutical companies; and monitoring and accountability

Informal pay and the quality of health care : lessons from Tanzania

MAESTAD, Ottar
MWISONGO, Aziza
September 2007

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This brief draws on a qualitative study among health workers in Tanzania to describe the nature of informal payments that are taking place in the health sector, and their potential impacts on access to and the quality of health care. Particular attention is devoted to the policy implications

Measuring transparency in the distribution of pharmaceuticals : assessment instrument

DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINES POLICY AND STANDARDS, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)
September 2007

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Distribution is an important activity in the management of pharmaceuticals involving a number of steps between arrival in the port of entry to the point of supply to health establishment, each of which can present various opportunities for lack of transparency and invites corruption. Published standard operating procedures which specify the roles and responsibilities of all staff involved in each of these steps are important tools that promote transparency and accountability

Measuring private sector corruption

ROSE-ACKERMAN, Susan
September 2007

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This paper looks at the role of donors in curtailing corrupt behaviour in the private sector, such as commercial bribery - particularly in developing and emerging countries where the sector is growing in importance

Competition and corruption : what can the donor commuity do?

SORIDE, Tina
September 2007

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This Brief discusses how corruption might threaten the benefits of competition in a market. Corruption can result in too much market power for some firms and thus increase prices and negatively influence the supply of goods and services in the private sector. While improved competition is important to cut prices, to improve the business climate, and to reduce the impacts of corruption, better regulation of markets is also an achievable objective in many countries, and an area where aid agencies can exert influence

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