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Building grassroots capacity in reproductive health : Burkina Faso case study

LANKOANDE, Fatimata
MCKAIG, Catharine
2005

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This report details the introduction of a reproductive health component to World Neighbors' rural development programmes in Burkina Faso, West Africa. This document describes the setting, the design, unique aspects of the programme, key accomplishments, and lessons learned. Key strategies included community organisation, community-based distribution of contraceptives, training of district health professionals in selected long-term contraceptive methods, strategies for involving influential people, reproductive health days, addressing other factors affecting women's health, and action learning

Building the capacity of local organizations in reproductive health : Nepal case study

GHIMIRE, Jagdish
NAKARMI, Gopal
MCKAIG, Catharine
2005

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This report describes the process World Neighbors used to partner with local non-governmental organisations in developing a reproductive health component in Terai, a rural area in the southeastern plains of Nepal. This document describes the setting, design, and unique aspects of the programme, as well as its key accomplishments and lessons learned. The central strategy of the program model is to support reproductive health (RH) through women's empowerment. A key element is the provision of RH services through local NGO-run clinics and outreach services using female providers. Within this framework run several special initiatives include: working with local NGOs that have little or no RH experience; establishing NGO-run self-reliant, rural clinics; providing outreach services linked with self-help groups; the development of formal savings and credit cooperatives (which, in turn, support the clinics); the supportive approach to monitoring and supervision, and addressing the practical needs of rural women

Need for dedicated focus on urban health within National Rural Health Mission

AGARWALL, S
SANGAR, K
2005

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This article sees the role of the National Rural Health Mission as an important public health initiative to address essential health needs of India’s under served population, but advocates for its expansion to include the needs of the urban population. Health status and access of reproductive and child health services of slum dwellers is poor and comparable to the rural population and public sector urban health delivery system, especially for the poor, is sporadic, far from adequate and limited in its reach. Efforts to improve the conditions of urban poor necessitate strengthening national policy and fiscal mandate, augmenting and strengthening the urban health delivery system, coordinating among multiple stakeholders, involving private sector, strengthening municipal functioning and building community capacities

Strengthening and promoting associations and community networks for sustainable mine risk education : Huambo Province, Angola

BOTTOMLEY Ruth
2005

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This report evaluates the Angolan Mine Risk Education experience and the overall Handicap International Mine Risk Education strategy. Its aim is to draw on lessons that can be applied to future mine risk education projects. This resource would be useful for anyone with an interest in mine risk project planning, monitoring and implementation

Mental health of populations exposed to biological and chemical weapons

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)
2005

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"The mental and social health consequences of exposure to biological or chemical weapons require a public health strategy. Attacks with chemical and biological weapons are likely to be accompanied by acute fear, organic mental problems, psychological responses to somatic illnesses and injuries, and long-term development of medically unexplained symptoms. The paper outlines some early social interventions, followed by descriptions of early mental health interventions"

Sharing knowledge for community development and transformation : a handbook

MCHOMBU, Kingo J
August 2004

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This handbook addresses the information needs of rural communities in Africa and explores the relationship between knowledge and development, and how community information resource centres can contribute to and can spark community development. It provides guidance for establishing community information centres and for ensuring their sustainability. The second edition includes several case studies from Ethiopia, draws out lessons learned, and includes a special section on HIV and AIDS resource centres. Each chapter concludes with suggested discussion questions for community groups

Empowered to differ : stakeholders' influences in community-based rehabilitation

FINKENFLÜGEL, Harry
2004

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'Empowered to differ' equally addresses researchers and CBR professionals. The book gives an overview about the developments in the field of community-based rehabilitation since 1978, using the examples of CBR projects in Southern Africa. Finkenflügel asks for the knowledge and the evidence for CBR and to what extent the roles, interests and powers of stakeholders can contribute to this knowledge and evidence

ICT for development : empowerment or exploitation

BEARDON, Hannah
2004

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A mid-term review of the Reflect ICT project, which uses a participatory approach to ICT and communication for development and empowerment. The review reinforces Reflect's position that it is the process whereby ICTs are chosen and introduced which determines their impact, as much or more than the investment itself, and describes pilot projects in Uganda, Burundi and India which illustrate the Reflect approach and inform the 'lessons learned' in the final section

Involving the community : a guide to participatory development communication

BESSETTE, Guy
2004

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This manual argues that communication facilitates the development process. It conceptualises communication as interaction between and among the people whose development is being considered. In this way, communication becomes the development process itself, and the stakeholders - community members or their supporters who share an interest in the outcome - are development communicators as well. Using examples from environmental and natural resource management to illustrate participatory development communication, the manual is adaptable to other development areas, including health. It describes the root concepts of participatory development communication, a ten-step methodology for its application, and suggests communication tools appropriate to the approach. In an annex appended to the book, the author presents a summary of the changing perception of the relationship between the twin processes of communication and development. This adds a theoretical background to the material that gives it more depth for development researchers and practitioners for whom the book is intended, and will also be useful for development communication students

Community participation and tropical disease control in resource-poor settings

ESPINO, Fe
KOOPS, Vaughn
MANDERSON, Lenore
2004

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This document outlines the historical evolution of ideas and practices of community participation in the context of tropical diseases. It shows the extent to which community involvement contributes to the control of main tropical diseases, including malaria, tuberculosis, leprosy, dengue fever and schistomasiasis. The review finds that 'community participation' remains a guiding principle in tropical disease control, but its future success is dependent on sustained and continuous collaboration between external agencies, government and communities

Impact assessment : measuring what matters

SARMA, Jaisankar
VICARY, Bernard
2003

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In program assessment, impact can refer to outcomes that are shown to be caused by a program, and which would not have occurred in the absence of the program. Evaluation of impact in this sense involves analysis of causal relationships. This has been most successfully accomplished when assessing empirical indicators, in comparison to other social and cultural indicators associated with development. Assessing causal relationships when evaluating community development programs remains very challenging. Evaluations often have credible conclusions about results, but only provide hints about impact, in this sense.
The concepts and principles in this paper apply more to long-term community based development programs rather than disaster response programs. They are written from the perspective of an NGO practitioner, where evaluation is seen as part of the overall program cycle and normal program activities

A dialogue on ICTs and poverty : the Harvard Forum

HARVARD UNIVERSITY
2003

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In September 2003, 30 experts from around the world gathered at Harvard University to discuss how ICTs can help to reduce poverty. These multimedia files give a brief survey of their discussions, concerns and conclusions

Revisiting the "magic box" : case studies in local appropriation of information and communication technologies (ICTs)

BATCHELOR, Simon
O’FARRELL, Clare
2003

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This book looks at the way communities and groups in developing countries are appropriating information and communication technologies (ICTs) to address their needs. It finds that ICTs are being integrated into wider community-based activities and adapted to fit different contexts. It follows on from the paper "Discovering the Magic Box". It finds that there are still few examples of community-driven and locally appropriated ICT initiatives and an absence of standards or guidelines to evaluate ICT-based projects. The book includes some analytical frameworks and indicators to identify good practice and evidence of impact A significant development has been in the growth of telecommunications, in particular mobile phones, that are relatively cheap and powerful tools for poor communities, even in remote areas. The book concludes that the power of oral communication through telephones and radio cannot be underestimated. The book proposes that the main challenge is to adapt the new, usually computer-based ICTs to the needs of poor, predominantly oral-based communities so that they can be appropriated effectively and quickly

Livelihoods approaches to information and communication in support of rural poverty elimination and food security

CHAPMAN, Robert
SLAYMAKER, Tom
YOUNG, John
2003

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FAO, DFID and ODI undertook a study in 2001/2 to analyse the role of information in livelihoods, and make recommendations on how agencies can capitalise on and integrate the best elements of traditional communication methods and new information and communication (ICT) technologies within the livelihoods approach. This publication provides the results of the initial literature review, comprised of a 30 page paper followed by 20 pages of heavily annotated references. The key conclusions were that information and communications systems are most likely to improve livelihoods in rural areas if they: share costs appropriately; ensure equitable access to all; contain a high proportion of local or appropriately localised content; build on existing systems; build capacity; use realistic technologies; and build knowledge partnerships

Collecting and propagating local development content : synthesis and conclusions

BALLANTYNE, Peter
May 2002

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Drawing from a consultation process to examine how local content in developing countries is created, adapted, and exchanged, this report provides some answers to these questions. It is a synthesis of lessons; the case stories which are reproduced in an accompanying report provide details on actual experienses and lessons from the ground

Unlocking economic opportunity in the South through local content : a proposal from the G8 Dotforce

ARMSTRONG, Peter
et al
March 2002

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A detailed proposal for contributing to the G8 Dotforce process to bridge the digital divide, through local content and applications creation. It explores the ideas of freely available information versus creating a local market for development information, retaining intellectual property rights and stimulating a new kind of trade. The proposed creation of an 'Open Knowledge Network' reflects the need to try and support different initiatives and approaches to local content creation and sharing, in different sectors and environments

Assessing the need and potential of community networking for developing countries : a case study from India

BLATTMAN, Christopher
JENSEN, Robert
ROMAN, Raul
February 2002

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This paper presents a set of methods and tools that can be used to assess the community networking and information needs of specific communities and thereby influence the design of ICT projects. It describes a strategy that uses a range of both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies to undertake such an assessment, and provides a specific case study of an ICT project in rural Tamil Nadu, India. The study gathered data on the following topics: socio-economic status, agricultural marketing and price search, availability of information on agricultural problems, employment availability and search, media use, household spending, and use and satisfaction with government services. These data are used to construct an 'information and communications profile' that depicts current ICT and media usage and existing sources of information for various community agents (farmers and producers, laborers, government, etc.). The methods and costs at which agents obtain information, as well as gaps and information needs are analysed. These analyses demonstrate opportunities for community and economic development through improved information access, and identify critical issues that should be considered in the design of ICT projects

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