Resources search

Meeting the HIV/AIDS challenge to food secutiry : the role of labour saving technologies in farm-households

DU GUERNAY, Jacques
December 2002

Expand view

The paper focuses on the various types and levels of constraints faced by farm-households as a production and reproduction system within a farming system. These constraints include time and energy limitations created by HIV/AIDS provoked shortages. The paper highlights the contributions various labour saving technologies (LSTs) could provide while also stressing the conditions, including gender ones, which have to be met in order to introduce LSTs successfully. LSTs are a partial solution to HIV/AIDS problems, but also represent a challenge to the way agriculture is practiced and to common policies in both agriculture and HIV/AIDS. The focus on LSTs is a fertile field for cooperation between sectors, between public and private institutions, North-South and South-South

How will the reduction of tariffs and taxes on insecticide-treated bednets affect household purchases?

SIMON, Jonathon L
et al
November 2002

Expand view

Presents an approach for analysing the extent to which reforms of tariff and tax policy can be expected to increase ITN purchases. Considers the effect on retail prices if tariffs and taxes are eliminated; and the degree to which consumer demand reponds to changes in the retail price of ITNs. Concludes that the impact will be country-specific, and that information about market structure and cost conditions in each country is needed for accurate predictions

Integrating intellectual property rights and development policy : report of the commission on intellectual property rights

COMMISSION ON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS (CIPR)
September 2002

Expand view

This detailed and thorough report considers whether and how intellectual property rights (IPRs) can play a role in achieving the Millenium Development Goals. It explores the potential benefits of IPRs in stimulating economic growth, and the associated benefits in terms of productivity and reduced poverty. It considers also the barriers that IPRs may present to developing economies, including discouraging invention, research, technology transfer, domestic production and driving up the costs of medicines and agricultural inputs. Key issues covered in successive chapters include: current evidence about the impact of IPRs in developing countries; development of and access to medicines; protection of plants and genetic resources; the Convention on Biological Diversity, traditional knowledge, cultural expressions and geographic indicators; copyright and patents; IPR legislation for developing countries; international and national institutional framework for IPRs

Foreign direct investment : who gains?

WILLEM DE VELDE, Dirk
MORRISSEY, Oliver
April 2002

Expand view

Although foreign direct investment (FDI) contributes to growth in developing countries, there is evidence that the benefits are not equally distributed. Foreign-owned firms tend to pay higher wages in developing countries, but skilled workers tend to benefit more than less-skilled workers. This conclusion is based on new research conducted into the effects of FDI on wages in five east Asian economies and the effects of foreign ownership in five African countries. While FDI may support development in the aggregate, more attention should be focused on the distribution of gains from FDI, notably effects on wage inequality

Fifteen months - Intifada, closures and Palestinian economic crisis : an assessment

WORLD BANK
March 2002

Expand view

The report attempts to encourage dialogue between donors, the Palestinian Authority (PA) and Israel. Although it focuses on immediate emergency issues, it recognizes the need to balance short-term measures with a continued commitment to the longer-term institutional and development agenda. The Palestinian economic recovery that began in 1998 came to an abrupt halt with the start of the Intifada in September 2000, and the subsequent imposition of tight closure, decimating the economy over the past fifteen months. The report enumerates the problems of this severe economic recession, identifying Israel ' s closure of the Palestinian territories, as the cause of its economic crisis. This decline has been driven by unemployment in the private sector, exacerbated by the bankruptcy of the PA,. However, a full collapse of the economy and government has been averted, and the situation stabilized somewhat, with a subsequent slower rate of decline. Donor funding has increased compared to 1999 commitments, with increased disbursements in 2001. Nonetheless, the situation is unstable, and economic disintegration continues. Israel, the PA, and donors need to reverse the situation towards significant recovery of the Palestinian economy, by dismantling the system of internal check points, and easing border restrictions

Human development report 2002 : deepening democracy in a fragmented world

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
2002

Expand view

This report studies the allocation of resources around the world, and links this to the political environment - in particular, the spread of democracy over the past twenty or so years. The report contains statistical information and graphics to illustrate many aspects of development

HIV/AIDS : Implications for poverty reduction

LOEWENSON, Rene
WHITESIDE, Alan
2002

Expand view

This publication focuses on mitigating the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on social and economic development. It explores the devastating and multifaceted socio-economic impact of HIV/AIDS and identifies five priorities for action: preventing collapse of essential public services; intensifying and adapting poverty reduction efforts; protecting educational achievements; mitigating the impact on labour productivity and supply; promoting opportunities for women. Each of these is described in turn. The paper concludes with a call for natural leadership and international support. Successful examples of such leadership are cited as Uganda, Thailand, Senegal, and Botswana

Poverty in a wealthy economy : the case of Nigeria

THOMAS, Saji
CANAGARAJAH, Sudharshan
2002

Expand view

This paper describes the nature and evolution of poverty in Nigeria between 1985 and 1992. It highlights the potential wealth of the Nigerian economy and examines how economic policies pursued in the 1980s and 1990s impacted on economic growth and welfare. The paper proposes that promoting broad-based growth and targeted interventions in health, education and infrastructure need to be central strategies in the fight against poverty in Nigeria

Globalisation guide

AUSTRALIAN ASIA PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION (APEC) STUDY CENTRE
2002

Expand view

The Globalisation Guide is a resource for students, presenting the arguments of both those who believe globalisation is a force for good and those who believe it is a force for evil. The Australian Apec Study Centre believes it is a force for good, based on the experience of the countries in the Asia-Pacific, where the freeing of trade and integration of economies has brought improvement in prosperity. However, globalisation is a product of capitalism, which undeniably produces losers as well as winners. The development of capitalism will inevitably generate controversy. The guide looks at both sides of the argument, and tries to answer key questions like what is globalisation and when did it start; who are the key players; how does globalisation affect culture; is there an alternative. The guide also provides links to dozens of other websites both pro and anti globalisation

Baseline assessment : inclusion and disability in World Bank activities

STIENSTRA, Deborah
FRICKE, Yutta
D'AUBIN, April
2002

Expand view

This report provides the World Bank with an assessment of its current efforts to integrate people with disabilities. At the same time, it offers information and recommendations from World Bank headquarters, in the field, and from other related institutions, on how best to move forward to improve the amount and quality of Bank development assistance that includes people with disabilities.
The report advises the World Bank on ways to include disabled people in different activities such as economic support, knowledge sharing, consultation, decision making, accessibility and inclusion. The report will be of interest for organisations which cooperate with the World Bank and for organisations which aim to learn more about international development

From many lands

NARAYAN, Deepa
PETESCH, Patti
Eds
2002

Expand view

This book presents the experiences of people who are worn down by persistent deprivation, and buffeted by severe shocks they feel ill-equipped to overcome. The stories reveal some of the reasons why poor people remain poor, despite working long hours day after day. They document the frequently demeaning encounters with state, market and civic institutions that distort the well-intended political, economic and social policies. This book focuses on the diversity of poverty in 14 countries and highlights the key findings

The impact of closure and other mobility restrictions on Palestinian productive activities

OFFICE OF THE UNITED NATIONS SPECIAL COORDINATOR
2002

Expand view

This study looks at the consequences of movement restrictions on Palestinians, with a focus on productive activities. The findings show that closures and curfews have caused a dramatic decrease in consumption and income levels, a rise in unemployment, a significant reduction in trade volume with plammeting investment levels, and generally severe economic losses with a Palestinian budget in critical conditions. The report calls for an end to mobility restrictions, and for the release of Israeli funds and donors' financial aid

Social capital and coping with economic shocks : an analysis of stunting of South African children

CARTER, M R
MALUCCIO, J A
2002

Expand view

This study explores household coping capacity in relation to social context and community supporting networks, using data on household responses to economic shocks and their effects on child nutritional status. It makes a critical point, supported by evidence, that households in communities with more social capital seem better able to weather economic shocks

Rigged rules and double standards : trade, globalisation, and the fight against power

WATKINS, Kevin
FOWLER, Penny
2002

Expand view

This report examines how the rapid growth of world trade is affecting the lives of the poor. One of its central findings is that the huge increase in wealth generated by trade under globalisation has not been matched by parallel progress in poverty reduction, or in broader progress towards human development. It advocates the need to change trade laws in order to help address global poverty, and sets out an agenda for reform

Funding health care : options for Europe

MOSSIALOS, Elias
et al
2002

Expand view

"The question of how to generate sufficient revenue to pay for health care has become a serious concern for nearly all European policy-makers. This book examines the advantages and disadvantages of funding arrangements currently in use across Europe. Adopting a cross-national, cross-disciplinary perspective, it assesses the relative merits of the main methods of raising resources including taxation; social, voluntary and supplemental forms of insurance; and self-pay including co-payments. Chapters written by leading health policy analysts review recent evidence and experience in both eastern and western Europe. The volume is introduced by a summary chapter which integrates conceptual issues in funding with an overview of the main advantages and disadvantages of each method of funding drawn from the expert chapters"

Pages

E-bulletin