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Children with learning disabilities: A phenomenological study of the lived experiences of Iranian mothers

KERMANSHAHI, S M
VANAKI, Z
AHMADI, F
KAZEMNEJAD, A
AZADFALAH, P
2009

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Nursing as a family-oriented profession involves supporting mothers of children with learning disabilities to gain an awareness of their role. However, few studies have explored the whole experience of such mothers. This study embarks on an understanding of lived experiences of Iranian mothers who have children with learning disabilities. A qualitative approach was adopted using the phenomenology of semi-structured interviews carried out with six Iranian mothers whose children attended a special school in Tehran. The data were analysed in line with van Manen’s suggestions. Two main themes were abstracted; being the centre of stress circles and being in the midst of life and death. Themes include care management challenges for self and child, experiencing through helplessness and hopefulness and experiencing self devote and self neglect. Overall, a majority of mothers experienced a stressful life. The study concludes that Iranian mothers’ lived experience of having children with learning disabilities can be likened to the constant swing of a pendulum between two polarities of positive and negative feelings. This knowledge can provide an heuristic to help health staff guide mothers in adjusting to their children who have learning disabilities.

Categories of disability under IDEA

NATIONAL DISSEMINATION CENTER FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES (NICHCY)
April 2009

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This document provides information about the different disability categories for children with disabilities under the US federal law Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). It defines the 13 disability categories and provides information about services available to families. This resource is useful to people interested in categories of disabilities under IDEA

Education for children with disabilities in India : a background paper for GMR 2010

SINGAL, Nidhi
2009

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This paper critically examines the Sarva Shisksha Abhiyan (SSA) on the education of children in disabilities in India. Given statistical evidence, the author suggests that the National Action Plan for Inclusion for Education of the Children and Persons with disabilities (2005) is a challenge to implement, and that guidance and enforcement mechanisms for achieving its vision are weak. The paper calls for greater supply of learning aids in rural areas, recommends strengthening teacher training and encourages more effective measurement of disability educational support systems. This paper is useful for anyone interested in the education for children with disabilities in India
2010/ED/EFA/MRT/PI/21

Disability & deafness in the Middle East, a bibliography : comprising materials with technical, cultural and historical relevance to child and adult impairments, disabilities and deafness, incapacity, mental disorders, special needs, social and educatio

MILES, M
June 2008

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"This revised, retitled and updated bibliography now lists c. 1750 items. It aims to record the cumulative formal knowledge base in the disability field in countries of the Middle East, especially Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, and some smaller neighbours. Around 45% of the items in the bibliography, listed in the last two sections with a brief introduction, comprise historical materials of the Middle East from 1751 to 1970 and from Antiquity to 1750, as an essential and fascinating part of the cultural background. This earlier material has more annotation (and so takes about 60% of the total word-count), to enable potential readers to find the disability-related parts that are sometimes hidden in odd corners or footnotes, and also to indicate some cultural features that might be less easily understood nowadays. Greater coverage has also been given to disability and deafness in Egyptology, Assyriology, and the Hittite Kingdom in Anatolia"

'Emancipatory’ disability research and special educational needs

BARNES, Colin
SHELDON, Alison
2007

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This chapter describes the emergence of a radical new approach to researching disability and highlights both its potential and the challenges it poses for research in 'special' education
Chapter 17 in Florian L. (ed.) 2007: The Sage Handbook of Special Education, London: Sage, pp. 233-246

CIRRIE database of international rehabilitation research

CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL REHABILITATION AND RESEARCH INFORMATION AND EXCHANGE (CIRRIE)
January 2006

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Includes references to over 24,000 materials about international rehabilitation research conducted outside the USA. Most of the references include abstracts or links to the full text of the material. The database offers a detailed search facility allowing users to select broad, narrow or related search terms from a detailed thesaurus, as well as specify geographical region, language, or year of publication of materials. A very useful database, materials indexed are mainly articles from a wide range of journals including 'Disability and Rehabilitation', 'Asia and Pacific Journal on Disabilty', and 'International Journal of Rehabilitation Research'. In addition to indexing from mainstream journals and internet sites, CIRRIE also includes citations to resources not readily available to U.S. researchers

Natural sign language and proficiency in learning Setswana sign language and curriculum content among students with hearing impairment in Botswana

MUKHOPADHYAY, Sourav
SISON, Waldetrudes
2006

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Language as 'mother tongue' is the first language in which one can express oneself fully as a tool for communication. Children acquire the mother tongue with seeming ease. Language theorists have offered various explanations about how children acquire and learn how to use language. The common element in the explanations is the innate force or power within the child and the opportunities for communication within the environment. Children with hearing impairment do not learn oral language the way it is acquired by hearing children. Because of the impairment, gestural communication which is the forerunner of language acquisition in normal children, are elaborated and end up as homesign or self-styled communication systems. This paper explores the relationship between homesign language as mother tongue of children with hearing impairment and their performance in learning the academic subjects and the second sign language formally taught in school

ICTs in education for people with special needs

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL,SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION (UNESCO) Institute for Information Technologies in Education
2006

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"The course is intended to provide the specialists involved in education of people with special educational needs (SEN), with an overview of main ways, methods, and principles of information and communication technology (ICT) usage in their professional activities.
Materials of the course represent the best international experience, supported by comprehensive training materials and special sections with references, summaries, glossary, assignments, and bibliography for supplementary readings. The course offers the opportunities to acquire knowledge and develop practical skills on specifics of ICT application in faceto-face and distance education meeting the needs of six main groups of disabilities: physical, visual, hearing, speech and language, cognitive, learning. Particular emphasis of the course is placed upon the basic aspects of ICT policy development in special needs education (SNE), including promotion of ICT infrastructure, integration of ICTs into curriculum, training and retraining of ICT specialists in SNE
The materials presented in the course will be of interest to a wide range of specialists involved in education of people with SEN, from high-level policy- and decision-makers to researchers, teachers, programme planners, and curriculum developers"

An examination of current provision of education for children with special educational needs in Karen refugee camp schools at the Thai-Myanmar border

MORTIMER, Aye Aye
August 2004

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"The paper investigates the provision of education for children designated as having special educational needs within the context of the Karen community located near the eastern border area of Myanmar. The population sample chosen is that of the Karen refugees in camps along the Thai-Myanmar border. The study is carried out through: i) collection of available statistics to demonstrate the scale of the problem; ii) disaggregation of data to indicate the range of special needs being catered for; and, iii) an examination of various teacher training and administration approaches being used, in order to identify whether these are accommodating to children with special educational needs"

Special needs in the classroom : a teacher education guide

AINSCOW, Mel
2004

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An updated version of UNESCO's training pack developed in the early 1990s for teachers learning about inclusion. It has been used in over 50 countries and has been adapted to different countries' contexts. This guide is a source of ideas for educators wishing to improve teachers’ skills in dealing with pupil diversity in mainstream schools. It offers advice on teacher education methods, including accounts of initiatives already undertaken in various parts of the world. The book emphasises the importance of teacher development, both pre-service and in-service, and demonstrates how pupil diversity in mainstream schools can be a positive influence on the life of the school

A review of good practice in ICT and special educational needs for Africa

IMFUNDO PARTNERSHIP FOR IT IN EDUCATION
DEPARTMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT (DFID)
2004

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This study focuses on the use of ICT in education and in particular to support special education needs in Africa. Assistive technology can do much to help hearing and vision impaired and children with general learning disabilities. The study includes some non-African approaches that could be easily applied to the African context and looks into the African experience in some detail

Disability and social responses in some Southern African nations : Angola, Botswana, Burundi, D.R. Congo (ex Zaire), Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Rwanda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. A bibliography, with introduction and some historical items

MILES, M
January 2003

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(From introducton) This bibliography, currently with approx. 1400 items, began in 1996 with a focus on the development of non-medical services concerned with mental retardation (mental handicap, learning difficulties, intellectual impairment) in Zambia. The development of services for people with other disabilities, and for children, and childrearing and language use, and then developments in neighbouring countries, soon began to be added. Then the weight of the new material outgrew the initial focus. Some biomedical papers have been added for their social contents or where a community-based or health education program concerned with biomedical conditions seems relevant to the development of disability awareness in communities. Newspaper and magazine-type articles have mostly been omitted. Available to download from the CIRRIE website

Inclusive education : achieving education for all by including those with disabilities and special education needs

PETERS, Susan J
2003

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This report approaches inclusive education from a holistic perspective. It takes into consideration policy aspects, the philosophy behind education in general and the historic developments in the fields of education and special needs education.
The report highlights best practice examples and lessons from the north and the south. It also describes the different international frameworks, the economic and policy implications of education for all.
It concludes that inclusive education requires decentralisation, the allocation of sufficient financial resources, accessibility and participation and must be set into the general Human Rights framework

Addressing extension and training needs of farmers with physical disabilities : a case study of the Islamic Republic of Iran

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS (FAO), Extension, Education and Communication Service, Research, Extension and Trainig Division, Sustainable Development Department
2003

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This study assesses extension and training needs of farmers with physical disabilities in Iran. A significant number of people with physical disabilities are engaged in agricultural activities, but in many cases they are denied access to special training schools that would provide them with appropriate technical knowledge. The study makes a number of critical recommendations to improve training accessibility

Music therapy and leisure for persons with disabilities

BARKSDALE, Alicia L
2003

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This book explores the use of music therapy in school and community settings to enhance the development of independent leisure skills with a variety of client populations, including children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly with mental health needs, developmental and learning disabilities, Alzheimer’s disease and other aging-related conditions, substance abuse problems, brain injuries, and physical disabilities

Education, poverty and disability in developing countries

JONSSON, Ture
WIMAN, Ronald
June 2001

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This technical note offers an economic argument in favour of inclusive education, and shows that the incremental benefits of educating a child with disabilities outweigh the incremental costs. It supports a change from special education to mainstreaming and indicates some intervention options to improve the enrolment of children with disabilities in regular schools

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