Collateral damage : the health and environmental costs of war on Iraq

This is a report on the impact of the 1900-1991 Gulf War on the Iraqi population. An estimated 205,000 Iraqis died in 1991, and an excess of 47,000 deaths among children under five were reported from January to August 1991. The consequences of armed conflicts are generally felt for decades, as the natural environment and essential infrastructure (including health services) are damaged or destroyed. Iraq's infrastructure was extensively damaged, and biological and chemical pollutants were widely dispersed. Sanctions, the Oil-for-Food Programme, and No-Fly Zones undermined recovery and reconstruction efforts in the aftermath of the war