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Youth-adult partnerships show promise : youth involvement expands from local projects to institutional levels

SONTI, Smita
FINGER, William
March 2003

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This paper examines how youth can participate more broadly in projects, for example in policy, management and evaluation issues. Anecdotal evidence on the value of including youth perspectives in these more challenging areas is beginning to emerge, for example the Barcelona YouthForce at the XIV International AIDS Conference in Barcelona in July 2002. The paper concludes with a list of elements that help to make effective youth-adult partnerships. These elements cover organisational capacity; attitude shift; selection, recruitment and retention of youth; and level of participation

Distorted image of AIDS and orphaning in Africa

WILLIAMSON, John
2003

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This is an interesting response to an article in the Washington Post, which described the horrific impact that AIDS had on a family in Kenya. Williamson responds by saying that the article promotes a distorted image of Africa, an image that is promoted by most US news coverage on HIV/AIDS. News coverage is of statistics and tragic stories, but not of responses that are being made at the community level to protect and care for orphans and other vulnerable children. He suggests that this lack of recognition of the actual capacity of communities in Africa makes it difficult to convince US donors of the importance of strengthening first line responses to the impact of HIV/AIDS which are ultimately family and community capacities

HIV-infected women and their families : psychosocial support and related issues. A literature review

LINDSEY, Elizabeth
2003

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This review looks at global literature from academic institutions and UN agencies on psychosocial support and counselling, to HIV infected pregnant women and their families (from pre-conception to 2 years old). It also contains information about the efficacy of practices and projects that care for infected women and their families, especially methods used in relation to mother-to-child transmission during the perinatal period. There are also interesting examples of such projects from around the world. The final section of the review makes recommendations on psychosocial support and counselling for HIV infected women and families

Building resilience in children affected by HIV/AIDS

MALLMAN, Sr Silke-Andrea
2003

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This is a practical guide for caregivers and teachers consisting of a collection of ideas, theories, tasks and exercises that help understand the behaviour and feelings of children affected by HIV/AIDS. The handbook provides practical advice on how to support children who have experienced loss and death in order to help them to cope

Changing minds, policies and lives : improving protection of children in eastern Europe and central Asia. Redirecting resources to community-based services

FOX, Louise
POSARAC
REICHENBERG, Judita
2003

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After more than a decade of coping with transition challenges in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, the need for the reform of family and child welfare systems has been widely acknowledged. Through Changing minds, policies and lives, UNICEF and the World Bank have teamed up in an effort to developing knowledge and tools for the reform of three essential family welfare system regulators (decision making, standards and financing). This publication provides guidelines for redirecting monetary resources by changing financing flows primarily towards support for families at risk and family-based alternatives. This toolkit is part of a three set collection, the other two focus on standards to ensure family-centered outcomes, and decision making processes to reshape the gate-keeping system

Community based care for separated children

TOLFREE, David K
2003

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The International Save the Children’s Alliance organised a project called ‘Care and Protection of Separated Children in Emergencies’ to address the issue of children that are separated from their parents in situations of armed conflict, natural disasters, pandemics such as AIDS and various forms of exploitation and abuse. The initiative explored issues of fostering, group care, and other types of care arrangements for children. The project produced case studies in 6 countries. Participatory research with children was a key theme. This paper offers a ten-point analysis of the typical negative features of institutional care and then looks at community based care. This is done firstly under the heading of preventative approaches to avoid the unnecessary separation of children, then alternative care strategies such as community based care. There are some concluding comments pointing towards the need for further research and the need to place more emphasis on what children themselves have to say in research, in policy formulation and in developing good practice

AIDS and older persons : an international perspective

KNODEL, John
WATKINS, Susan
VANLANDINGHAM, Mark
2003

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This document explores the impact of the AIDS epidemic on persons age 50 and over. Although older persons represent a non-negligible minority of the reported global caseload, a far higher proportion are affected through the illness and death of their adult children and younger generation relatives who contract AIDS. Since most of the epidemic occurs in the developing regions, especially Africa and Asia, efforts to understand and deal with the concerns of older persons in relation to AIDS in those settings needs expansion, and the authors conclude with a series of recommendations for future research

Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases : report of a joint WHO/FAO expert consultation

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO)
2003

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This consultation followed up the work of a WHO study group on diet, nutrition and prevention of non-communicable diseases, which met in 1989 to make recommendations regarding the prevention of chronic diseases and the reduction of their impact. The consultation recognised that the growing epidemic of chronic disease, afflicting both developed and developing countries, relates to dietary and lifestyle changes. This document reviews the considerable scientific progress that has been made in different chronic non-communicable diseases including obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and stroke, and some types of cancer

Early childhood development and children with disabilities in developing countries

SIMEONSSON, Rune J
2003

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This paper aims to review and synthesise literature on the nature, distribution, and associated aspects of disability among children under 8 in developing countries. It examines existing services and practices providing care and education, and identifies approaches that promise to address the children's developmental needs.
Such a review may also serve as a resource for governmental and nongovernmental entities involved in the development of policies and implementation of services for children with disabilities and their families in developing countries. Finally, it may be of interest to foundations and funding organisations seeking to make investments in early childhood intervention programs in those countries

Memory boxes and the psycho-social needs of children : trainer's manual

SINOMLANDO
2003

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This manual describes a training curriculum designed to give community workers and volunteers a basic understanding of the psychosocial needs of vulnerable children, and basic skills in 'memory box' methodology. It is based on a four-day, twelve-session workshop and covers child development, bereavement, loss, stigma, counselling skills and making memory boxes

Becoming an inclusive, learning-friendly environment

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANISATION (UNESCO). Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education
2003

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Booklet 1 describes what is an inclusive, learning-friendly environment (ILFE) and what are its benefits for teachers, children, their parents and communities. It also will help to identify the ways in which a school may already be inclusive and learning-friendly, as well as those areas that may need more improvement. It will provide ideas about how to plan for these improvements, as well as how to monitor and evaluate the progress

Working with families and communities to create an ILFE

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANISATION (UNESCO). Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education
2003

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Booklet 2 describes how to help parents and other community members and organizations to participate in developing and maintaining an inclusive learning-friendly environment (ILFE). It gives ideas about how to involve the community in the school and students in the community. It will help identify in what ways this is already going on, and it will offer ideas for involving families and communities even more in promoting and developing an ILFE

Getting all children in learning

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANISATION (UNESCO). Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education
2003

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Booklet 3 will help individuals working in schools understand some of the barriers that keep children from coming to school and what to do about them. The Tools are presented in a building block fashion (step-by-step), and they contain ways of including traditionally excluded children that have been used widely and effectively by teachers throughout the world. These Tools, will enable the reader to talk with other teachers, family and community members, and students about what conditions may be pushing children away from learning. They also will be able to identify where the children live, why they are not coming to school, and what actions can be taken to get them in school

Creating inclusive, learning-friendly classrooms

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANISATION (UNESCO). Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education
2003

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This booklet will help the reader to understand how the concept of learning has changed over time as classes have become more child-centred. It will give the reader tools and ideas about how to deal with children with diverse backgrounds and abilities that attend aclass, as well as how to make learning meaningful for all

Managing inclusive, learning-friendly classrooms

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANISATION (UNESCO). Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education
2003

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This booklet will give the reader tips about managing diverse classrooms. It explains how to plan for effective teaching and learning, how to use resources effectively, how to manage group work in a diverse classroom, as well as how to assess students' progress and thus the reader's own progress

Creating a healthy and protective inclusive, learning-friendly environment for all

UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANISATION (UNESCO). Asia and Pacific Regional Bureau for Education
2003

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This booklet will help the reader to begin to develop an effective school health and protection component. It pays attention not only to what is happening in classrooms and how far lessons plans have progressed, but also to: finding opportunities to include health promotion in everything done by schools and with communities; focusing on strategies that are feasible to implement even in the most resource poor schools and those located in hard-to-reach areas; creating effective partnerships between teachers, parents, students, health workers, and community members to get necessary resources and support; and increasing children's awareness and participation in solving health and protection problems that are relevant to their lives

Cross-generational and transactional sexual relations in sub-Saharan Africa : prevalance of behaviour and implications for negotiating safer sexual practices

LUKE, Nancy
KURZ, Kathleen
September 2002

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This paper is a literature and evidence survey of cross-generational and transactional sex in Africa. It examines the age and economic asymmetries in sexual relationships in an African context, prevalence of cross-generational and transactional sexual relationships, adolescent girls' and men's motivations and adolescent girls' negotiating power in relationships. It comes to the conclusion that adolescent girls have power when negotiating the start and end of relationships and they are strongly motivated to enter into cross-generational relationships for the material benefits and status that they bring. However, once they have entered the relaltionship the balance of power shifts to the man, especially in the context of gift-giving.
The paper also examines the evidence around cultural acceptance of cross-generational and transactional sexual relationships, violence and rape within the relationships, multiple relationships, and outcome of the relationships. The authors' recommendations are to: gather policy support for changing the social norm; mount programmatic responses; conduct research to investigate the success of programmatic responses, document the policy process, and fill other important information gaps

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